1 00:00:17,029 --> 00:00:09,919 ignition sequence star we have taken 2 00:00:20,179 --> 00:00:17,039 tremendous steps we have achieved the 3 00:00:24,529 --> 00:00:20,189 Earth's shaking the breathtaking the 4 00:00:27,589 --> 00:00:24,539 groundbreaking have left a mark in the 5 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:27,599 heavens our successes build one upon 6 00:00:32,519 --> 00:00:29,690 another 7 00:00:36,170 --> 00:00:32,529 what is possible 8 00:00:38,550 --> 00:00:36,180 it's time we take the next great leap 9 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:38,560 we're building the next chapter of 10 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:41,410 American exploration returning to the 11 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:45,970 moon and to stay so we can go beyond to 12 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:49,180 Mars to expand what's possible and 13 00:00:55,439 --> 00:00:53,530 further our understanding the 14 00:00:58,619 --> 00:00:55,449 architecture for these missions is 15 00:01:01,890 --> 00:00:58,629 already taking shape we will go with new 16 00:01:04,079 --> 00:01:01,900 systems bold designs and a sustainable 17 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:04,089 mission 18 00:01:11,670 --> 00:01:08,770 and taste it touch it we are going we 19 00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:11,680 are training contested pressing our 20 00:01:17,660 --> 00:01:14,310 pioneering spirits into every component 21 00:01:20,750 --> 00:01:17,670 defining our resolve with every line of 22 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:20,760 and securing our success with every 23 00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:23,290 welcomed partnership 24 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:26,380 this is not hypothetical this is not 25 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:29,950 about flags and footprints this is about 26 00:01:34,130 --> 00:01:31,530 sustainable 27 00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:34,140 and feeding forward the advance of the 28 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:34,980 human spirit 29 00:01:39,860 --> 00:01:36,570 [Music] 30 00:01:41,630 --> 00:01:39,870 because we are the pioneers the star 31 00:01:44,940 --> 00:01:41,640 sailors 32 00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:46,950 as we stand on 33 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:49,240 the chance to go farther 34 00:01:53,810 --> 00:01:59,640 of the greatest adventurers in history 35 00:02:08,449 --> 00:02:01,870 every mission 36 00:02:44,940 --> 00:02:11,430 and after sixty years we're just 37 00:02:44,950 --> 00:03:32,380 [Music] 38 00:03:32,390 --> 00:03:47,160 [Applause] 39 00:03:51,819 --> 00:03:49,050 all right 40 00:03:54,220 --> 00:03:51,829 man those videos are a tough act to 41 00:03:55,780 --> 00:03:54,230 follow they were outstanding well good 42 00:03:58,720 --> 00:03:55,790 afternoon and welcome to the Kennedy 43 00:04:01,449 --> 00:03:58,730 Space Center in the dawn of a new era in 44 00:04:03,729 --> 00:04:01,459 the exploration of the Moon and Mars I'm 45 00:04:06,369 --> 00:04:03,739 Bob cabana and I have the privilege of 46 00:04:09,610 --> 00:04:06,379 leading this amazing team at America's 47 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:09,620 premier multi-user spaceport I'm pleased 48 00:04:14,020 --> 00:04:11,780 to welcome you all distinguished guests 49 00:04:16,420 --> 00:04:14,030 NASA's valued employees watching from 50 00:04:20,229 --> 00:04:16,430 across the nation and our media guests 51 00:04:25,180 --> 00:04:20,239 here and abroad I was 50 years ago this 52 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:25,190 July that KSC was the launch site for 53 00:04:30,129 --> 00:04:28,130 that historic Apollo 11 mission when 54 00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:30,139 President Kennedy stood before a joint 55 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:32,810 session of Congress and he announced his 56 00:04:38,050 --> 00:04:35,570 ambitious goal of sending humans to the 57 00:04:39,810 --> 00:04:38,060 moon and returning him safely we still 58 00:04:42,550 --> 00:04:39,820 had to figure out how to make that work 59 00:04:47,650 --> 00:04:42,560 we quickly ramped up operations here at 60 00:04:51,310 --> 00:04:47,660 KSC we had the mercury 7 crew here we 61 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:51,320 hosted them we worked hard on Gemini 62 00:04:56,140 --> 00:04:53,090 learning everything that we needed to 63 00:04:57,909 --> 00:04:56,150 know to get humans to the moon to make 64 00:05:01,649 --> 00:04:57,919 those first steps on the lunar surface 65 00:05:04,300 --> 00:05:01,659 50 years ago we'll be making similar 66 00:05:07,149 --> 00:05:04,310 incremental steps as we build a 67 00:05:09,820 --> 00:05:07,159 sustainable architecture to reach our 68 00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:09,830 goals of the future the team here at the 69 00:05:14,110 --> 00:05:11,360 Kennedy Space Center is up to the 70 00:05:16,689 --> 00:05:14,120 challenge and we can't wait to see 71 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:16,699 rockets on those launch pads taking 72 00:05:21,850 --> 00:05:19,010 humans back to the moon and eventually 73 00:05:24,610 --> 00:05:21,860 onto Mars it's my pleasure now to 74 00:05:27,820 --> 00:05:24,620 introduce our administrator Tim 75 00:05:29,950 --> 00:05:27,830 bridenstine now Jim came on board about 76 00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:29,960 the same time that the President signed 77 00:05:37,420 --> 00:05:33,530 space policy directive one that directed 78 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:37,430 us to send humans to the moon for 79 00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:40,210 long-term exploration and utilization 80 00:05:45,580 --> 00:05:42,490 followed by missions to Mars 81 00:05:48,730 --> 00:05:45,590 his passion for flight and space 82 00:05:51,339 --> 00:05:48,740 exploration served him well on the Armed 83 00:05:53,879 --> 00:05:51,349 Forces Committee and the Science Space 84 00:05:58,450 --> 00:05:53,889 and Technology Committee in Congress and 85 00:06:01,330 --> 00:05:58,460 today that passion is inspiring the 86 00:06:03,999 --> 00:06:01,340 the workforce and the public on a new 87 00:06:08,110 --> 00:06:04,009 mission of exploration please welcome 88 00:06:22,220 --> 00:06:08,120 our 13th administrator Jim bridenstine 89 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:22,230 [Applause] 90 00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:24,730 well Bob thank you for that great 91 00:06:28,830 --> 00:06:26,770 introduction and thank you all for being 92 00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:28,840 here on a day that I think is extremely 93 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:31,870 exciting today we are rolling out the 94 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:34,090 President's budget request for NASA and 95 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:37,570 I am very happy to tell you that NASA's 96 00:06:41,280 --> 00:06:39,250 budget request from the President of the 97 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:41,290 United States is strong and we have 98 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:43,810 strong bipartisan support in both 99 00:06:55,670 --> 00:06:53,290 [Applause] 100 00:06:58,760 --> 00:06:55,680 now many of you know that I'm a Navy 101 00:07:00,469 --> 00:06:58,770 pilot by trade and I'm going to spend a 102 00:07:04,369 --> 00:07:00,479 few minutes talking about a mission that 103 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:04,379 I think is a lot of fun very exciting 104 00:07:10,070 --> 00:07:07,289 and transformative as a matter of fact 105 00:07:13,490 --> 00:07:10,080 for the way we fly in the United States 106 00:07:17,300 --> 00:07:13,500 of America we have been plowing through 107 00:07:19,820 --> 00:07:17,310 the atmosphere at point six Mach for 108 00:07:23,749 --> 00:07:19,830 seventy years and I think it's time we 109 00:07:26,749 --> 00:07:23,759 change that and the ex-59 is our tool to 110 00:07:29,119 --> 00:07:26,759 do just that in this budget request the 111 00:07:31,580 --> 00:07:29,129 ex 59 and the Aeronautics research 112 00:07:34,219 --> 00:07:31,590 Mission Directorate is funded at a very 113 00:07:36,499 --> 00:07:34,229 strong level I want to talk for just a 114 00:07:39,469 --> 00:07:36,509 second about what this means last year 115 00:07:42,490 --> 00:07:39,479 we saw really for the first time a test 116 00:07:45,649 --> 00:07:42,500 over Galveston in a populated center 117 00:07:48,769 --> 00:07:45,659 what a sonic boom will do to communities 118 00:07:50,510 --> 00:07:48,779 both from just an annoyance perspective 119 00:07:52,999 --> 00:07:50,520 and maybe from an infrastructure 120 00:07:55,670 --> 00:07:53,009 perspective and when we saw that we were 121 00:07:57,800 --> 00:07:55,680 able to make determinations as to what 122 00:08:02,839 --> 00:07:57,810 the level of tolerance would be for a 123 00:08:05,300 --> 00:08:02,849 sonic boom it has been banned for a long 124 00:08:07,309 --> 00:08:05,310 time by the FAA to fly over the United 125 00:08:09,619 --> 00:08:07,319 States at supersonic air speeds because 126 00:08:12,189 --> 00:08:09,629 of the disturbance and the problems with 127 00:08:15,050 --> 00:08:12,199 infrastructure well we at NASA are 128 00:08:17,540 --> 00:08:15,060 working really hard to change that and 129 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:17,550 the low boom flight demonstrator is the 130 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:18,900 tool to make that happen in this 131 00:08:25,279 --> 00:08:21,810 particular case we are assessing what is 132 00:08:28,189 --> 00:08:25,289 the tolerance for a low boom and we're 133 00:08:31,579 --> 00:08:28,199 imaging it in fact just the other day we 134 00:08:34,880 --> 00:08:31,589 had a b200 Beechcraft King Air fly with 135 00:08:38,060 --> 00:08:34,890 a brand new camera and and look at two 136 00:08:40,430 --> 00:08:38,070 t-38s flying below it at super spon 137 00:08:43,219 --> 00:08:40,440 supersonic speeds and looking at that 138 00:08:45,380 --> 00:08:43,229 pressure wave not just at the bow but at 139 00:08:48,860 --> 00:08:45,390 all different parts of those t-38 and 140 00:08:50,449 --> 00:08:48,870 how those pressure waves combine because 141 00:08:53,180 --> 00:08:50,459 when they combine that's when we get 142 00:08:55,220 --> 00:08:53,190 that really loud supersonic boom that 143 00:08:57,740 --> 00:08:55,230 can be disturbing and in fact troubling 144 00:08:59,449 --> 00:08:57,750 for infrastructure so what we're doing 145 00:09:02,180 --> 00:08:59,459 now is we're going to take what we learn 146 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:02,190 from these experiments and we're going 147 00:09:05,570 --> 00:09:05,010 to apply them to the ex-59 which is 148 00:09:08,570 --> 00:09:05,580 going to all 149 00:09:11,420 --> 00:09:08,580 be flown in the year 2021 so that for 150 00:09:12,890 --> 00:09:11,430 the first time we can get regulations on 151 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:12,900 the books in the United States of 152 00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:15,210 America that that say you can fly 153 00:09:24,250 --> 00:09:17,700 supersonic and I'm but this is important 154 00:09:27,290 --> 00:09:24,260 the ex-59 is gonna fly at Mach 1.4 at 155 00:09:29,030 --> 00:09:27,300 55,000 feet we're gonna be able to go 156 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:29,040 from one side of the United States the 157 00:09:33,530 --> 00:09:31,410 other side of the United States in a 158 00:09:35,420 --> 00:09:33,540 couple of hours rather than five and a 159 00:09:37,910 --> 00:09:35,430 half six hours depending on the winds 160 00:09:39,560 --> 00:09:37,920 this is transformative for how we are 161 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:39,570 able to get from one side of the country 162 00:09:45,560 --> 00:09:41,250 to the other and travel within the 163 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:45,570 country just as exciting is another 164 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:47,490 mission within the Aeronautics research 165 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:50,250 Mission Directorate this mission is the 166 00:09:57,710 --> 00:09:54,650 x57 Maxwell the first all-electric 167 00:10:01,220 --> 00:09:57,720 transport aircraft capable of carrying 168 00:10:03,560 --> 00:10:01,230 passengers and cargo all-electric what 169 00:10:07,190 --> 00:10:03,570 does that mean that means we can drive 170 00:10:09,770 --> 00:10:07,200 down the cost of transporting people and 171 00:10:14,570 --> 00:10:09,780 cargo from one place the other by up to 172 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:14,580 and even in some cases over 60% well if 173 00:10:18,100 --> 00:10:16,290 we can drive down the cost by that 174 00:10:20,540 --> 00:10:18,110 amount that means we're gonna have 175 00:10:23,840 --> 00:10:20,550 potentially commercial flights going to 176 00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:23,850 more destinations than ever before we're 177 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:25,650 gonna be able to serve communities with 178 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:27,210 air travel that historically have not 179 00:10:33,830 --> 00:10:30,330 been served with air travel I want to be 180 00:10:36,410 --> 00:10:33,840 clear we are not there yet but the x57 181 00:10:38,890 --> 00:10:36,420 Maxwell is the tool by which we will be 182 00:10:41,630 --> 00:10:38,900 able to accomplish these objectives and 183 00:10:43,970 --> 00:10:41,640 driving down costs and increasing access 184 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:43,980 to air travel is the way that we're 185 00:10:47,690 --> 00:10:45,810 going to be able to increase the 186 00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:47,700 standard of living for every American 187 00:10:52,220 --> 00:10:49,650 and that's really what NASA is all about 188 00:10:53,540 --> 00:10:52,230 elevating the human condition and the 189 00:10:56,330 --> 00:10:53,550 x57 190 00:10:58,550 --> 00:10:56,340 is a tool to accomplish that one other 191 00:11:00,080 --> 00:10:58,560 very exciting project within the 192 00:11:05,320 --> 00:11:00,090 Aeronautics research Mission Directorate 193 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:05,330 that I'm really kind of intrigued by is 194 00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:08,610 urban air mobility the idea that you can 195 00:11:16,490 --> 00:11:12,810 fly on an unmanned I should say uncrewed 196 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:16,500 craft I know pilot 197 00:11:22,250 --> 00:11:20,730 let's say that from from one side of the 198 00:11:24,650 --> 00:11:22,260 city to another side of the city just 199 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:24,660 like you would drive a car now again 200 00:11:28,520 --> 00:11:26,730 we're not there yet but in order to 201 00:11:30,860 --> 00:11:28,530 achieve that day we first start with 202 00:11:33,050 --> 00:11:30,870 cargo and there is industry in the 203 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:33,060 United States of America right now very 204 00:11:37,370 --> 00:11:35,010 excited about that eventualities why 205 00:11:40,010 --> 00:11:37,380 because it will help them get your 206 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:40,020 packages to your doorstep faster and 207 00:11:44,690 --> 00:11:41,850 more efficiently than ever before and 208 00:11:46,910 --> 00:11:44,700 once that happens there is no limit to 209 00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:46,920 what we can do with humans in the future 210 00:11:50,480 --> 00:11:48,570 but in order to do that we have to be 211 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:50,490 able to integrate uncrewed systems 212 00:11:55,070 --> 00:11:52,770 unmanned aerial systems into the air 213 00:11:56,570 --> 00:11:55,080 into the National Airspace System that's 214 00:11:58,490 --> 00:11:56,580 not an easy feat and when you're talking 215 00:12:00,320 --> 00:11:58,500 about doing it in urban environments 216 00:12:02,510 --> 00:12:00,330 there's a whole level of safety that has 217 00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:02,520 to come into play and so what NASA is 218 00:12:06,890 --> 00:12:04,560 doing within the Aeronautics research 219 00:12:11,660 --> 00:12:06,900 Mission Directorate is working on those 220 00:12:13,190 --> 00:12:11,670 very challenging problems one day we're 221 00:12:16,490 --> 00:12:13,200 gonna be able to deliver packages to 222 00:12:18,950 --> 00:12:16,500 your doorstep in a vehicle that flies in 223 00:12:21,140 --> 00:12:18,960 the sky over populated centers more 224 00:12:22,820 --> 00:12:21,150 efficiently and even one day fly humans 225 00:12:26,180 --> 00:12:22,830 from one side of the city to the other 226 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:26,190 so these are all very exciting things 227 00:12:30,050 --> 00:12:28,290 within the Aeronautics mission direct 228 00:12:32,690 --> 00:12:30,060 Aeronautics research Mission Directorate 229 00:12:34,460 --> 00:12:32,700 and I wanted to make sure that I started 230 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:34,470 the speech today talking about that part 231 00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:36,240 of the budget because as a Navy pilot I 232 00:12:41,750 --> 00:12:39,060 like the idea of everybody being able to 233 00:12:43,580 --> 00:12:41,760 fly supersonic and of course everybody 234 00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:43,590 being able to fly in general and 235 00:12:47,810 --> 00:12:45,510 eventually everybody being able to fly 236 00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:47,820 from one side of the city to another 237 00:12:55,700 --> 00:12:50,850 side of the city so let's take it up a 238 00:12:59,690 --> 00:12:55,710 notch from aeronautics to space we have 239 00:13:02,840 --> 00:12:59,700 seen what happens when we as NASA in 240 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:02,850 low-earth orbit we become one customer 241 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:05,850 of many customers in a robust commercial 242 00:13:12,140 --> 00:13:07,770 marketplace in low-earth orbit 243 00:13:14,050 --> 00:13:12,150 we just saw a SpaceX crew dragon dock 244 00:13:18,560 --> 00:13:14,060 with the International Space Station 245 00:13:22,750 --> 00:13:18,570 deliver some cargo namely a little earth 246 00:13:27,770 --> 00:13:22,760 humanoid ultimately do a lot of tests 247 00:13:30,980 --> 00:13:27,780 undock fly home and land safely 248 00:13:33,890 --> 00:13:30,990 that is a first step in a much longer 249 00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:33,900 mission for NASA to become one customer 250 00:13:38,180 --> 00:13:35,910 of many customers in low-earth orbit in 251 00:13:41,050 --> 00:13:38,190 a robust commercial marketplace and at 252 00:13:43,610 --> 00:13:41,060 the same time having numerous providers 253 00:13:46,130 --> 00:13:43,620 that are competing on cost and 254 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:46,140 innovation why is that so important 255 00:13:51,560 --> 00:13:49,050 because we need to drive down costs we 256 00:13:53,330 --> 00:13:51,570 need to increase access we need to make 257 00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:53,340 spaceflight more available to more 258 00:13:57,170 --> 00:13:55,440 people that includes commercial 259 00:13:58,880 --> 00:13:57,180 activities we're talking about 260 00:14:00,580 --> 00:13:58,890 manufacturing we're talking about 261 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:00,590 tourism we're talking about 262 00:14:04,460 --> 00:14:01,770 pharmaceuticals 263 00:14:06,980 --> 00:14:04,470 maybe fiber optics we need to develop 264 00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:06,990 that very robust commercial marketplace 265 00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:09,930 in low-earth orbit it starts with cargo 266 00:14:14,060 --> 00:14:12,510 it is now starting to get to the point 267 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:14,070 where we're going to be launching crew 268 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:16,250 and by the way we're going to do that in 269 00:14:32,749 --> 00:14:30,470 and eventually we're going to get to a 270 00:14:35,090 --> 00:14:32,759 day where low Earth orbit in general for 271 00:14:38,030 --> 00:14:35,100 habitation is going to be commercialized 272 00:14:39,499 --> 00:14:38,040 in other words NASA will be a customer 273 00:14:41,449 --> 00:14:39,509 of many customers with numerous 274 00:14:44,030 --> 00:14:41,459 providers competing on cost and 275 00:14:46,369 --> 00:14:44,040 innovation not just for resupply not 276 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:46,379 just for crew but in fact for habitation 277 00:14:49,910 --> 00:14:47,730 for science 278 00:14:52,759 --> 00:14:49,920 for discovery for capability and low 279 00:14:54,199 --> 00:14:52,769 Earth orbit let's talk about why we want 280 00:14:56,749 --> 00:14:54,209 to do that why does NASA want to 281 00:14:58,699 --> 00:14:56,759 commercialize low-earth orbit it is in 282 00:15:00,230 --> 00:14:58,709 our interest to take advantage of 283 00:15:03,050 --> 00:15:00,240 commercial market places where they 284 00:15:05,629 --> 00:15:03,060 exist because the cost go down access 285 00:15:08,059 --> 00:15:05,639 goes up and then we can use the American 286 00:15:10,699 --> 00:15:08,069 tax dollars the resources that we are 287 00:15:12,710 --> 00:15:10,709 given by the American taxpayer to go 288 00:15:15,350 --> 00:15:12,720 further and do more than we've ever done 289 00:15:17,990 --> 00:15:15,360 before that's who we are and that's what 290 00:15:20,689 --> 00:15:18,000 we do the president has given us space 291 00:15:22,699 --> 00:15:20,699 policy directive 1 which says to go back 292 00:15:25,910 --> 00:15:22,709 to the moon and we're gonna do that in 293 00:15:28,759 --> 00:15:25,920 short order maybe even in 2019 but at 294 00:15:30,829 --> 00:15:28,769 least by 2020 with commercial lunar 295 00:15:32,569 --> 00:15:30,839 payload services that are going to be 296 00:15:34,490 --> 00:15:32,579 funded through the science Mission 297 00:15:36,170 --> 00:15:34,500 Directorate and all of this is going to 298 00:15:38,660 --> 00:15:36,180 be possible because we're looking at 299 00:15:40,309 --> 00:15:38,670 going fast there's two things when we 300 00:15:42,910 --> 00:15:40,319 talk about commercial lunar payload 301 00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:42,920 services that are important number one 302 00:15:49,480 --> 00:15:46,740 it's commercial we want competition on 303 00:15:53,449 --> 00:15:49,490 both costs and innovation and number two 304 00:15:55,309 --> 00:15:53,459 it's gonna be fast we we don't NASA is 305 00:15:55,639 --> 00:15:55,319 not going to be the long pole in the 306 00:15:57,949 --> 00:15:55,649 tent 307 00:15:59,809 --> 00:15:57,959 NASA is gonna we've already provided 10 308 00:16:02,420 --> 00:15:59,819 different payloads that are ready to go 309 00:16:04,249 --> 00:16:02,430 to the moon and very soon we're gonna be 310 00:16:05,780 --> 00:16:04,259 issuing contracts to companies to 311 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:05,790 deliver those payloads we're talking 312 00:16:10,549 --> 00:16:08,130 about small scientific instruments to 313 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:10,559 the surface of the Moon now space policy 314 00:16:14,329 --> 00:16:11,850 directive one is not just about 315 00:16:16,309 --> 00:16:14,339 delivering small payloads to the surface 316 00:16:19,220 --> 00:16:16,319 of the Moon it's about much more than 317 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:19,230 that it's about having a sustainable 318 00:16:26,420 --> 00:16:23,850 human presence on and around the moon in 319 00:16:29,749 --> 00:16:26,430 order to achieve that objective we need 320 00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:29,759 a permanent command and service module 321 00:16:34,910 --> 00:16:32,610 in orbit around the moon we call it 322 00:16:47,610 --> 00:16:34,920 gateway and that's fully funded in this 323 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:51,660 I hear people sometimes say well you 324 00:16:56,610 --> 00:16:54,160 know Gateway is not a Space Station it 325 00:16:59,820 --> 00:16:56,620 is not it is a command and a surface 326 00:17:02,340 --> 00:16:59,830 module but it will be it will have the 327 00:17:04,470 --> 00:17:02,350 opportunity to have crew the other thing 328 00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:04,480 that's important about Gateway is it's 329 00:17:09,660 --> 00:17:06,610 going to utilize solar electric 330 00:17:11,970 --> 00:17:09,670 propulsion to be maneuverable when we go 331 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:11,980 back to Apollo we remember that we 332 00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:14,650 landed twelve astronauts on the surface 333 00:17:21,660 --> 00:17:17,910 of the Moon over a period of three years 334 00:17:23,939 --> 00:17:21,670 1969 to 1972 each one of those missions 335 00:17:27,090 --> 00:17:23,949 was to the equatorial regions of the 336 00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:27,100 Moon and because of that we never went 337 00:17:31,620 --> 00:17:29,350 to the polls well there's a lot of 338 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:31,630 valuable material at the poles namely 339 00:17:37,170 --> 00:17:35,170 water ice we discovered it in 2009 and 340 00:17:39,330 --> 00:17:37,180 massive quantities hundreds of millions 341 00:17:41,850 --> 00:17:39,340 of tons of water ice at the poles of the 342 00:17:43,740 --> 00:17:41,860 Moon well what gateway represents is an 343 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:43,750 opportunity not just to go to the moon 344 00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:46,090 over and over again in a sustainable 345 00:17:50,580 --> 00:17:48,460 architecture but it represents an 346 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:50,590 opportunity to get to more parts of the 347 00:17:54,060 --> 00:17:51,010 moon 348 00:17:56,370 --> 00:17:54,070 than ever before our goal is not just to 349 00:17:58,590 --> 00:17:56,380 land in one spot of the moon and learn a 350 00:18:01,020 --> 00:17:58,600 whole lot about all of the things that 351 00:18:03,150 --> 00:18:01,030 are happening in one kilometer around 352 00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:03,160 that one spot what we're interested in 353 00:18:07,620 --> 00:18:05,530 doing is learning all about the entire 354 00:18:10,110 --> 00:18:07,630 moon friends there is a lot about the 355 00:18:12,210 --> 00:18:10,120 moon we don't yet know and Gateway is 356 00:18:14,669 --> 00:18:12,220 going to allow us with this reusable 357 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:14,679 command and service module with solar 358 00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:16,810 electric propulsion it can be in that 359 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:19,690 equatorial region that me rectilinear 360 00:18:23,460 --> 00:18:21,970 halo orbit I was told by my comms folks 361 00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:23,470 never say that word because nobody knows 362 00:18:27,300 --> 00:18:26,050 what it is but I just said it but it's 363 00:18:28,919 --> 00:18:27,310 also going to go to the poles of the 364 00:18:31,740 --> 00:18:28,929 moon it can go to the north it can go to 365 00:18:34,470 --> 00:18:31,750 the south l1 and l2 giving Landers 366 00:18:36,840 --> 00:18:34,480 rovers robots and humans more access to 367 00:18:39,330 --> 00:18:36,850 more parts of the moon than ever before 368 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:39,340 we don't want to miss anything ever 369 00:18:44,940 --> 00:18:42,010 again there's a lot to learn and this is 370 00:18:47,580 --> 00:18:44,950 about sustainability when we talk about 371 00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:47,590 sustainability what does that mean that 372 00:18:52,620 --> 00:18:49,510 means we need to be able to launch mass 373 00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:52,630 payloads off the surface of the earth we 374 00:18:56,700 --> 00:18:54,850 need the SLS and we need the Orion crew 375 00:18:59,160 --> 00:18:56,710 capsule and we need the European service 376 00:19:01,730 --> 00:18:59,170 module all of the above and some people 377 00:19:04,490 --> 00:19:01,740 say because I have said quite regularly 378 00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:04,500 when the president says go to the moon 379 00:19:09,870 --> 00:19:08,200 and he says go sustainably in other 380 00:19:12,180 --> 00:19:09,880 words this time when you go you need to 381 00:19:13,890 --> 00:19:12,190 stay when the president says that what 382 00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:13,900 does it mean it means we need 383 00:19:19,020 --> 00:19:17,050 reusability we have seen what happens in 384 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:19,030 low-earth orbit when we reuse rockets 385 00:19:22,860 --> 00:19:20,890 the cost go down and the access goes up 386 00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:22,870 we need reusability in the entire 387 00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:24,640 architecture between the earth and the 388 00:19:29,730 --> 00:19:27,280 moon reusable launched reusable tuggs 389 00:19:31,890 --> 00:19:29,740 reusable command and service modules in 390 00:19:35,790 --> 00:19:31,900 orbit around the moon reusable landers 391 00:19:36,930 --> 00:19:35,800 robots Rovers all going human Lander is 392 00:19:38,670 --> 00:19:36,940 going to the surface of the Moon 393 00:19:40,530 --> 00:19:38,680 everything needs to be reusable built 394 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:40,540 into the architecture and that's really 395 00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:42,490 what space policy directive one is all 396 00:19:48,840 --> 00:19:46,410 about a sustainable return to the moon 397 00:19:50,790 --> 00:19:48,850 but I have heard criticism that maybe 398 00:19:53,750 --> 00:19:50,800 when we talk about sustainable and 399 00:19:58,080 --> 00:19:53,760 reusable why do we build SLS and Orion 400 00:20:00,060 --> 00:19:58,090 want to be clear Orion by em4 is going 401 00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:00,070 to have a lot of its components reusable 402 00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:02,290 and we're working hard with our partners 403 00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:03,730 over at Lockheed Martin to make sure 404 00:20:07,500 --> 00:20:05,320 that we're building as much reusability 405 00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:07,510 into those vehicles as possible and by 406 00:20:12,450 --> 00:20:10,810 em4 it's possible I'm not gonna put a 407 00:20:14,730 --> 00:20:12,460 probability on it but we could actually 408 00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:14,740 be reusing the Pressure Vessel 409 00:20:20,010 --> 00:20:18,370 of Orion in the near future that's going 410 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:20,020 to help us build reusability and 411 00:20:26,430 --> 00:20:22,860 sustainability into the into the project 412 00:20:29,790 --> 00:20:26,440 when it comes to SLS and on this point I 413 00:20:33,390 --> 00:20:29,800 want to be crystal clear SLS is not 414 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:33,400 reusable but it is a critical piece of 415 00:20:38,580 --> 00:20:35,770 the architecture that enables us that 416 00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:38,590 enables us to deliver reusability to the 417 00:20:43,470 --> 00:20:40,690 moon we're talking about launching 418 00:20:45,810 --> 00:20:43,480 Gateway and Orion and the European 419 00:20:48,720 --> 00:20:45,820 service module all of these things are 420 00:20:50,100 --> 00:20:48,730 part of a reusable architecture we're 421 00:20:52,110 --> 00:20:50,110 talking about a rocket that's bigger 422 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:52,120 than any rocket that's ever been built 423 00:20:57,570 --> 00:20:54,970 in human history with a with a payload 424 00:20:58,800 --> 00:20:57,580 fairing capable of carrying volumes that 425 00:21:02,460 --> 00:20:58,810 we've never seen before 426 00:21:05,190 --> 00:21:02,470 taller than the Statue of Liberty to 427 00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:05,200 take our not just astronauts to the moon 428 00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:07,750 but at the same time Co manifested 429 00:21:12,690 --> 00:21:10,320 payloads at the same time this is a 430 00:21:15,149 --> 00:21:12,700 transformational strategic capability 431 00:21:17,739 --> 00:21:15,159 for the United States of America 432 00:21:21,159 --> 00:21:17,749 and I want to stop for just a second and 433 00:21:23,919 --> 00:21:21,169 let you know this SLS and Orion and 434 00:21:25,779 --> 00:21:23,929 Gateway and in low-earth orbit the 435 00:21:27,930 --> 00:21:25,789 International Space Station Commercial 436 00:21:29,889 --> 00:21:27,940 Crew commercial resupply and 437 00:21:33,159 --> 00:21:29,899 commercialization of low Earth orbit for 438 00:21:35,080 --> 00:21:33,169 habitation all of this is very strong in 439 00:21:36,940 --> 00:21:35,090 the President's budget request and we 440 00:21:39,070 --> 00:21:36,950 are thrilled as an agency that he is 441 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:39,080 backing up not just with space policy 442 00:21:42,820 --> 00:21:41,210 directive one but with his budgets and 443 00:21:44,980 --> 00:21:42,830 this is going to help us build that 444 00:21:57,109 --> 00:21:44,990 sustainable return to the moon 445 00:21:59,669 --> 00:21:57,119 [Applause] 446 00:22:01,560 --> 00:21:59,679 there's one other very exciting thing I 447 00:22:04,139 --> 00:22:01,570 need to make sure everybody is aware of 448 00:22:08,039 --> 00:22:04,149 when we talk about our movement 449 00:22:08,779 --> 00:22:08,049 activities for the first time in over 450 00:22:13,769 --> 00:22:08,789 ten years 451 00:22:16,019 --> 00:22:13,779 we have money in this budget for a 452 00:22:18,979 --> 00:22:16,029 return to the moon with humans on 453 00:22:21,629 --> 00:22:18,989 talking about human-rated Landers 454 00:22:24,180 --> 00:22:21,639 compatible with Gateway that can go back 455 00:22:26,970 --> 00:22:24,190 and forth to the surface of the Moon we 456 00:22:28,739 --> 00:22:26,980 are funding human-rated Landers to go to 457 00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:28,749 the moon for the first time in over ten 458 00:22:44,910 --> 00:22:42,060 okay so we have a really special 459 00:22:47,160 --> 00:22:44,920 opportunity now I'd like to let 460 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:47,170 everybody know that we're gonna go live 461 00:22:50,990 --> 00:22:48,970 from the Johnson Space Center where 462 00:22:53,430 --> 00:22:51,000 we're gonna meet astronaut Karen Nyberg 463 00:22:56,100 --> 00:22:53,440 Karen is going to take us through the 464 00:22:58,620 --> 00:22:56,110 inside of a mock-up of the Orion crew 465 00:23:05,190 --> 00:22:58,630 capsule that astronauts will use to fly 466 00:23:09,060 --> 00:23:07,320 Thank You administrator Bryan Stein I'm 467 00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:09,070 astronaut Karen Nyberg and I'm here at 468 00:23:12,780 --> 00:23:10,600 the Johnson Space Center as he said 469 00:23:16,740 --> 00:23:12,790 inside a test version of the Orion 470 00:23:18,510 --> 00:23:16,750 capsule over at KSC you of course are 471 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:18,520 seeing the real hardware what was going 472 00:23:23,990 --> 00:23:21,610 to fly cruise to space to the vicinity 473 00:23:28,380 --> 00:23:24,000 of the moon this is actually a 474 00:23:31,530 --> 00:23:28,390 volumetric mock-up it's the same size 475 00:23:34,140 --> 00:23:31,540 what you would expect what the the Ryan 476 00:23:35,670 --> 00:23:34,150 is we've been using it quite extensively 477 00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:35,680 here at the Johnson Space Center for 478 00:23:40,770 --> 00:23:38,170 engineering and operational evaluations 479 00:23:42,270 --> 00:23:40,780 and you really get a sense when you're 480 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:42,280 sitting in here when you get inside what 481 00:23:45,930 --> 00:23:44,050 its gonna be like for the crew when we 482 00:23:48,570 --> 00:23:45,940 actually start taking it to the vicinity 483 00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:48,580 of the moon I'm sitting here next to the 484 00:23:51,780 --> 00:23:50,050 commander seat the commander would be 485 00:23:55,440 --> 00:23:51,790 sitting here to my left and in front of 486 00:23:57,300 --> 00:23:55,450 us are the displays we have three three 487 00:23:58,980 --> 00:23:57,310 screens that we can switch depending on 488 00:24:00,750 --> 00:23:58,990 what phase the flight we're in we can 489 00:24:03,360 --> 00:24:00,760 pull up any number of displays here we 490 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:03,370 monitor all of our systems communication 491 00:24:09,120 --> 00:24:06,730 prop our equalist or electrical system 492 00:24:11,610 --> 00:24:09,130 we can monitor our attitude in space and 493 00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:11,620 also our trajectories and also send 494 00:24:15,930 --> 00:24:13,810 commands from here as well it's quite 495 00:24:17,580 --> 00:24:15,940 slick above my head you'll see we have 496 00:24:20,130 --> 00:24:17,590 several windows which i think is what a 497 00:24:22,830 --> 00:24:20,140 key component for any any vehicle that 498 00:24:25,140 --> 00:24:22,840 is going to carry people and I'm sure 499 00:24:27,780 --> 00:24:25,150 this is going to provide a great view of 500 00:24:29,790 --> 00:24:27,790 the moon for folks as they're as they're 501 00:24:32,790 --> 00:24:29,800 getting near it's really an exciting 502 00:24:34,620 --> 00:24:32,800 time for everybody at NASA right now you 503 00:24:36,270 --> 00:24:34,630 know not only are we building a Ryan and 504 00:24:38,430 --> 00:24:36,280 SLS but at the same time we're 505 00:24:39,780 --> 00:24:38,440 continuing to do the work and you know 506 00:24:43,140 --> 00:24:39,790 living onboard the International Space 507 00:24:44,460 --> 00:24:43,150 Station doing research for investigators 508 00:24:46,770 --> 00:24:44,470 all over the world 509 00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:46,780 we're also demonstrating some hardware 510 00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:49,530 on the space station and of course 511 00:24:54,300 --> 00:24:52,000 fostering the commercial participation 512 00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:54,310 in space travel and at the same time 513 00:24:58,770 --> 00:24:56,080 getting ready in the development of 514 00:25:00,560 --> 00:24:58,780 Gateway and the lunar landers and all of 515 00:25:04,110 --> 00:25:00,570 the science payloads that are required 516 00:25:06,990 --> 00:25:04,120 to establish that presence there it's 517 00:25:11,070 --> 00:25:07,000 really really exciting for all of us I 518 00:25:13,620 --> 00:25:11,080 have with me here to show this is a 519 00:25:16,500 --> 00:25:13,630 lunar sample that was actually brought 520 00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:16,510 back from one of the Apollo missions and 521 00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:17,710 this one actually flew on a space 522 00:25:22,230 --> 00:25:19,090 shuttle to the space station 523 00:25:24,930 --> 00:25:22,240 and we're really excited as crew to be 524 00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:24,940 able to bring back samples like this for 525 00:25:32,790 --> 00:25:27,810 scientists to study again and eventually 526 00:25:34,590 --> 00:25:32,800 eventually samples from Mars back to you 527 00:25:36,780 --> 00:25:34,600 administrator Brian Stein well Karen 528 00:25:38,670 --> 00:25:36,790 thank you for that that brief and that 529 00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:38,680 update can you share with us as an 530 00:25:43,290 --> 00:25:40,330 astronaut and I know you're working with 531 00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:43,300 the astronaut corps all the time with 532 00:25:46,830 --> 00:25:45,070 all of these different capabilities that 533 00:25:50,610 --> 00:25:46,840 are under development right now and in 534 00:25:53,310 --> 00:25:50,620 fact now testing we of course we've got 535 00:25:57,360 --> 00:25:53,320 the dragon we've got the Starliner and 536 00:25:59,850 --> 00:25:57,370 now we've got Orion do the astronauts 537 00:26:04,260 --> 00:25:59,860 fight over who's gonna fly which vehicle 538 00:26:07,140 --> 00:26:04,270 I don't know if we fight over but I 539 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:07,150 think everybody everybody has in there 540 00:26:10,650 --> 00:26:08,710 has in their mind they want to fly 541 00:26:12,290 --> 00:26:10,660 something it I think we're in a unique 542 00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:12,300 position now with so many different 543 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:15,130 vehicles to fly on and I think I think 544 00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:16,330 most crews are just happy to get a 545 00:26:21,390 --> 00:26:19,690 spaceflight assignment well Karen I just 546 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:21,400 want to say thank you for that I'm going 547 00:26:25,650 --> 00:26:23,650 to talk for just a second about that 548 00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:25,660 lunar sample that you have in your hand 549 00:26:30,330 --> 00:26:27,490 we have a very special announcement 550 00:26:33,180 --> 00:26:30,340 today we have three lunar samples that 551 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:33,190 have come back from the moon that have 552 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:35,170 never been opened we're going back to 553 00:26:41,610 --> 00:26:38,530 our missions from 1969 to 1972 six 554 00:26:44,610 --> 00:26:41,620 missions we have three samples that have 555 00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:44,620 never been opened and in this particular 556 00:26:49,490 --> 00:26:46,690 budget and in this particular year we 557 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:49,500 are very much looking forward to 558 00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:52,210 contracting with nine different 559 00:26:58,020 --> 00:26:55,450 companies to have the opportunity to use 560 00:27:00,090 --> 00:26:58,030 the technology we have today to study 561 00:27:01,530 --> 00:27:00,100 those very pristine samples that have 562 00:27:04,380 --> 00:27:01,540 never been opened now I want to be clear 563 00:27:06,860 --> 00:27:04,390 here's a critically important piece of 564 00:27:10,460 --> 00:27:06,870 knowledge that we need to understand 565 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:10,470 when the previous generations did Apollo 566 00:27:16,950 --> 00:27:13,180 they knew that the technology that they 567 00:27:20,040 --> 00:27:16,960 had in that day was not the technology 568 00:27:21,450 --> 00:27:20,050 that we would have in this day so they 569 00:27:24,780 --> 00:27:21,460 made a determination that they were 570 00:27:26,130 --> 00:27:24,790 going to preserve samples because they 571 00:27:27,810 --> 00:27:26,140 knew there would be a day when better 572 00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:27,820 technology would be able to better 573 00:27:33,060 --> 00:27:30,610 assess all of the different history the 574 00:27:35,460 --> 00:27:33,070 history of the moon from ultimately that 575 00:27:37,730 --> 00:27:35,470 technology that we have today so today 576 00:27:40,799 --> 00:27:37,740 we have this very special announcement 577 00:27:43,980 --> 00:27:40,809 that we have nine teams that will be 578 00:27:45,629 --> 00:27:43,990 examining nine unopened samples that 579 00:27:47,850 --> 00:27:45,639 have come back from the moon and we feel 580 00:27:50,999 --> 00:27:47,860 like we can do that because there are 581 00:27:51,899 --> 00:27:51,009 more lunar samples on the horizon where 582 00:27:54,629 --> 00:27:51,909 we're going to be able to learn more 583 00:27:58,009 --> 00:27:54,639 about we've ever learned about the moon 584 00:28:01,769 --> 00:27:58,019 before so I'd like to thank if it's okay 585 00:28:11,330 --> 00:28:01,779 the Apollo generation for preserving 586 00:28:16,340 --> 00:28:14,389 so that our generation could have this 587 00:28:20,269 --> 00:28:16,350 opportunity Karen thank you for your 588 00:28:21,470 --> 00:28:20,279 great great feedback on on what's 589 00:28:24,379 --> 00:28:21,480 happening there at the Johnson Space 590 00:28:33,150 --> 00:28:24,389 Center I want to talk for a second oh 591 00:28:36,630 --> 00:28:35,940 I want to talk for a second about the 592 00:28:39,090 --> 00:28:36,640 Gateway 593 00:28:41,580 --> 00:28:39,100 one of the valuable capabilities that 594 00:28:44,279 --> 00:28:41,590 the Gateway is going to bring is a plus 595 00:28:46,140 --> 00:28:44,289 up in solar electric propulsion we're 596 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:46,150 talking about the ability to maneuver 597 00:28:50,370 --> 00:28:48,490 now the Gateway is not the International 598 00:28:52,590 --> 00:28:50,380 Space Station that's an important thing 599 00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:52,600 to remember because we want to be able 600 00:28:56,610 --> 00:28:54,850 to have it maneuverable around to go to 601 00:28:58,500 --> 00:28:56,620 all parts of the Moon and in order to do 602 00:29:00,330 --> 00:28:58,510 that it can't grow too big the mass has 603 00:29:02,190 --> 00:29:00,340 to be constrained so that we can use 604 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:02,200 solar electric for patient propulsion 605 00:29:06,390 --> 00:29:04,210 which has a very high specific impulse 606 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:06,400 in other words it can be used for a very 607 00:29:11,430 --> 00:29:08,530 long period of time for sustainability 608 00:29:13,289 --> 00:29:11,440 to be able to go again to the poles both 609 00:29:16,289 --> 00:29:13,299 the the North and the South Pole of the 610 00:29:21,450 --> 00:29:16,299 moon could we bring up a picture of the 611 00:29:24,360 --> 00:29:21,460 Gateway so when we think about the 612 00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:24,370 Gateway I just want to show you kinda 613 00:29:29,070 --> 00:29:26,650 this is an aspirational vision of the 614 00:29:31,470 --> 00:29:29,080 Gateway this is not what it is right now 615 00:29:34,169 --> 00:29:31,480 today but this is aspirational and I can 616 00:29:35,100 --> 00:29:34,179 tell you just this morning I got off the 617 00:29:38,580 --> 00:29:35,110 phone with all of our international 618 00:29:40,409 --> 00:29:38,590 partners on the ISS and others and they 619 00:29:41,940 --> 00:29:40,419 are very excited about partnering with 620 00:29:43,980 --> 00:29:41,950 us on going to the moon 621 00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:43,990 couple of weeks ago we announced that 622 00:29:50,130 --> 00:29:47,380 Canada is stepping up for the next 24 623 00:29:52,529 --> 00:29:50,140 years to partner with us on robotics on 624 00:29:55,710 --> 00:29:52,539 the gateway now the Gateway is not going 625 00:29:57,570 --> 00:29:55,720 to be crude 24/7 365 the way the 626 00:30:00,180 --> 00:29:57,580 International Space Station is which 627 00:30:02,430 --> 00:30:00,190 means robotics is a critical piece of it 628 00:30:04,500 --> 00:30:02,440 and of course with Canada coming on 629 00:30:06,659 --> 00:30:04,510 board which is the first official 630 00:30:09,149 --> 00:30:06,669 partner on the Gateway we're very 631 00:30:11,370 --> 00:30:09,159 excited and we know based on other 632 00:30:13,950 --> 00:30:11,380 conversations that we have other 633 00:30:15,330 --> 00:30:13,960 agencies all around the world excited 634 00:30:17,730 --> 00:30:15,340 about partnering with us on gateway 635 00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:17,740 here's why this is important NASA is 636 00:30:22,770 --> 00:30:21,190 very unique in all of the federal 637 00:30:24,570 --> 00:30:22,780 government we're able to have 638 00:30:26,310 --> 00:30:24,580 partnerships with countries that in some 639 00:30:28,350 --> 00:30:26,320 cases we wouldn't normally be able to 640 00:30:30,930 --> 00:30:28,360 partner with you can see on their roast 641 00:30:32,610 --> 00:30:30,940 cosmos the relationship between the 642 00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:32,620 United States and Russia of course is 643 00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:35,650 strained terrestrially but since 1975 644 00:30:40,070 --> 00:30:37,780 the height of the Cold War we have been 645 00:30:42,810 --> 00:30:40,080 able to live and work together in space 646 00:30:44,010 --> 00:30:42,820 1975 of course was the apollo-soyuz 647 00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:44,020 program 648 00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:45,730 of course when I went to Russia they 649 00:30:50,940 --> 00:30:48,330 called it the Soyuz Apollo program and 650 00:30:52,620 --> 00:30:50,950 and and then of course the shuttle-mir 651 00:30:54,210 --> 00:30:52,630 program or as they would say the MIR 652 00:30:55,830 --> 00:30:54,220 shuttle program and now the 653 00:30:58,410 --> 00:30:55,840 International Space Station and in the 654 00:31:00,480 --> 00:30:58,420 future on the gateway with other 655 00:31:02,130 --> 00:31:00,490 activities as well but it's not just 656 00:31:04,050 --> 00:31:02,140 about them it's also the European Space 657 00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:04,060 Agency it's the Japanese Space Agency 658 00:31:07,790 --> 00:31:06,130 and what we want to do with the moon 659 00:31:10,620 --> 00:31:07,800 when we think about this architecture 660 00:31:13,650 --> 00:31:10,630 the Gateway is not the end State the 661 00:31:14,760 --> 00:31:13,660 Gateway is a piece the end state is all 662 00:31:17,730 --> 00:31:14,770 of the above 663 00:31:20,100 --> 00:31:17,740 access to space not just low-earth orbit 664 00:31:22,770 --> 00:31:20,110 but deep space tugs that can go back and 665 00:31:24,960 --> 00:31:22,780 forth from low-earth orbit to lunar 666 00:31:26,880 --> 00:31:24,970 orbit the Gateway itself which of course 667 00:31:28,590 --> 00:31:26,890 is this reusable command and service 668 00:31:30,990 --> 00:31:28,600 module in orbit around the moon and 669 00:31:32,760 --> 00:31:31,000 reusable Landers as I've mentioned which 670 00:31:35,250 --> 00:31:32,770 are funded in this budget for the first 671 00:31:36,870 --> 00:31:35,260 time in 10 10 years that can take humans 672 00:31:39,690 --> 00:31:36,880 back and forth to the surface of the 673 00:31:41,820 --> 00:31:39,700 Moon reusable but also robots and 674 00:31:44,700 --> 00:31:41,830 Landers and Rovers when we think about 675 00:31:46,260 --> 00:31:44,710 this architecture in the future we don't 676 00:31:48,150 --> 00:31:46,270 want to constrain ourselves to the 677 00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:48,160 traditional International Space Station 678 00:31:52,020 --> 00:31:50,320 partners we love them and they're going 679 00:31:54,030 --> 00:31:52,030 to be with us and we are thrilled to 680 00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:54,040 have their support but there are other 681 00:31:58,560 --> 00:31:56,170 partners there are more space agencies 682 00:32:01,050 --> 00:31:58,570 all around the world than ever before in 683 00:32:03,420 --> 00:32:01,060 human history and of course as we are 684 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:03,430 now starting to see in a more robust way 685 00:32:08,370 --> 00:32:05,890 we have commercial partners that are 686 00:32:10,920 --> 00:32:08,380 bringing capability to us as well so 687 00:32:12,930 --> 00:32:10,930 this is a just a snapshot of the future 688 00:32:14,100 --> 00:32:12,940 it's not where it is right now but I 689 00:32:15,090 --> 00:32:14,110 believe in the future it'll look 690 00:32:16,950 --> 00:32:15,100 something like this 691 00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:16,960 and in order to talk a little bit more 692 00:32:24,020 --> 00:32:19,120 about the Gateway I'd like to go to the 693 00:32:28,260 --> 00:32:24,030 Glenn Research Center where we have Deb 694 00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:28,270 waters and Dave Jacobson Dave is the the 695 00:32:33,030 --> 00:32:30,970 chief of electric propulsion systems 696 00:32:34,890 --> 00:32:33,040 which is a key capability and Deb as a 697 00:32:36,900 --> 00:32:34,900 facilities manager there at Glenn and 698 00:32:38,910 --> 00:32:36,910 I'd like you to share with us if you 699 00:32:44,090 --> 00:32:38,920 will just a few minutes about what's 700 00:32:48,630 --> 00:32:47,280 hi I'm standing here in the high bay of 701 00:32:51,150 --> 00:32:48,640 the electric propulsion and power 702 00:32:53,130 --> 00:32:51,160 laboratory where we're getting ready to 703 00:32:55,560 --> 00:32:53,140 perform technology development that will 704 00:32:57,260 --> 00:32:55,570 take us forward to the moon here at 705 00:32:59,720 --> 00:32:57,270 Glenn we have a rich history and 706 00:33:03,080 --> 00:32:59,730 propulsion testing we've been conducting 707 00:33:05,630 --> 00:33:03,090 research development and experimental 708 00:33:08,090 --> 00:33:05,640 testing in our facilities for over 60 709 00:33:10,220 --> 00:33:08,100 years right now we're getting ready to 710 00:33:13,430 --> 00:33:10,230 test the type of system that will take 711 00:33:15,170 --> 00:33:13,440 us forward with the Gateway the new 712 00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:15,180 spacecraft that will be in orbit around 713 00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:18,690 the moon my colleague Dave here is an 714 00:33:24,410 --> 00:33:21,330 expert in electric propulsion Dave we'll 715 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:24,420 take it from here thanks Deb a team here 716 00:33:27,620 --> 00:33:26,010 at NASA's Glenn Research Center is 717 00:33:28,610 --> 00:33:27,630 working in collaboration with our 718 00:33:30,860 --> 00:33:28,620 colleagues at the Jet Propulsion 719 00:33:32,270 --> 00:33:30,870 Laboratory on the development of a 720 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:32,280 high-power solar electric propulsion 721 00:33:36,980 --> 00:33:34,530 system in support of deep-space 722 00:33:38,780 --> 00:33:36,990 exploration missions the Intendant 723 00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:38,790 application for this technology is the 724 00:33:42,710 --> 00:33:40,050 gateway that Deb and others have 725 00:33:44,510 --> 00:33:42,720 referred to today the gateway will 726 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:44,520 enable crew to live and work in deep 727 00:33:48,230 --> 00:33:46,650 space for months at a time and serve as 728 00:33:50,420 --> 00:33:48,240 an outpost for human missions to the 729 00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:50,430 lunar surface the power and propulsion 730 00:33:54,380 --> 00:33:52,170 element will be the first part of the 731 00:33:56,930 --> 00:33:54,390 Gateway and it will provide power 732 00:33:59,150 --> 00:33:56,940 propulsion and communications during the 733 00:34:01,340 --> 00:33:59,160 assembly and operational phases of the 734 00:34:03,020 --> 00:34:01,350 Gateway gateway will utilize solar 735 00:34:05,330 --> 00:34:03,030 electric propulsion to maintain its 736 00:34:08,870 --> 00:34:05,340 position and also move between lunar 737 00:34:10,970 --> 00:34:08,880 orbits back in 2012 we began working on 738 00:34:12,470 --> 00:34:10,980 high-power Hall thruster system 739 00:34:14,780 --> 00:34:12,480 technologies in support of and 740 00:34:16,790 --> 00:34:14,790 affordable beyond low-earth orbit human 741 00:34:18,380 --> 00:34:16,800 exploration architecture the hardware 742 00:34:20,360 --> 00:34:18,390 that you see here in front of me 743 00:34:23,630 --> 00:34:20,370 resulted from that Prout from that 744 00:34:25,909 --> 00:34:23,640 project a hall thruster ionizes neutral 745 00:34:28,010 --> 00:34:25,919 xenon gas and accelerates ions at high 746 00:34:30,440 --> 00:34:28,020 exhaust velocities to create fuel 747 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:30,450 efficient thrust the power processing 748 00:34:34,190 --> 00:34:32,490 unit takes power from the solar array 749 00:34:36,139 --> 00:34:34,200 and it converts it to the currents and 750 00:34:38,570 --> 00:34:36,149 voltages necessary to operate the 751 00:34:40,430 --> 00:34:38,580 thruster today we're preparing to test 752 00:34:42,380 --> 00:34:40,440 an advanced electric propulsion system 753 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:42,390 that operates at a power level three 754 00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:44,130 times greater than systems that are 755 00:34:48,350 --> 00:34:46,530 currently used on orbit it also operates 756 00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:48,360 with greater fuel efficiency and for 757 00:34:52,790 --> 00:34:50,850 longer life times than than those types 758 00:34:54,980 --> 00:34:52,800 of systems this is very important for 759 00:34:58,310 --> 00:34:54,990 Gateway let's go inside the vacuum 760 00:34:59,630 --> 00:34:58,320 chamber now with Deb right now we're 761 00:35:02,210 --> 00:34:59,640 inside vf6 762 00:35:03,950 --> 00:35:02,220 this is actually the largest chamber at 763 00:35:06,260 --> 00:35:03,960 Lewis Field vacuum chamber at Lewis 764 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:06,270 field behind me is the third is a 765 00:35:10,660 --> 00:35:08,010 thruster it's an engineering model 766 00:35:12,190 --> 00:35:10,670 around it is a thermal shroud 767 00:35:13,630 --> 00:35:12,200 this thruster is getting ready to test 768 00:35:16,359 --> 00:35:13,640 actually next week we're gonna be 769 00:35:18,900 --> 00:35:16,369 working on the various probes before the 770 00:35:21,220 --> 00:35:18,910 flight model comes some time in May our 771 00:35:23,140 --> 00:35:21,230 facility before we can actually run the 772 00:35:24,940 --> 00:35:23,150 thruster we have to button up our 773 00:35:27,609 --> 00:35:24,950 facility and we actually have to pump 774 00:35:29,620 --> 00:35:27,619 out all of the air we do that with very 775 00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:29,630 large vacuum pumps both inside the 776 00:35:34,599 --> 00:35:32,510 chamber and outside the chamber but the 777 00:35:37,779 --> 00:35:34,609 chamber walls can be actually chilled 778 00:35:39,819 --> 00:35:37,789 down to minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit and 779 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:39,829 you can see that the chamber is actually 780 00:35:44,019 --> 00:35:42,890 lined in graphite the reason for that is 781 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:44,029 that this is an electric propulsion 782 00:35:48,849 --> 00:35:46,970 chamber the thruster plume is energetic 783 00:35:52,089 --> 00:35:48,859 enough to actually erode the walls of 784 00:35:54,849 --> 00:35:52,099 the chamber and that graphite minimizes 785 00:35:56,589 --> 00:35:54,859 both the damage done to the chamber as 786 00:35:59,349 --> 00:35:56,599 well as that chamber of material coming 787 00:36:02,970 --> 00:35:59,359 back and landing on the the thruster 788 00:36:05,289 --> 00:36:02,980 itself so it minimizes the damage done 789 00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:05,299 to in order to create a space 790 00:36:09,609 --> 00:36:08,240 environment such as this we try to do 791 00:36:12,309 --> 00:36:09,619 all of these things that make the 792 00:36:14,200 --> 00:36:12,319 facility more like a space environment 793 00:36:15,069 --> 00:36:14,210 that you would see at moon Mars and 794 00:36:18,730 --> 00:36:15,079 beyond 795 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:18,740 the f6 is just one of 27 chambers we 796 00:36:23,349 --> 00:36:20,690 have here space simulation facilities we 797 00:36:25,509 --> 00:36:23,359 have here at Glenn and vf6 actually is 798 00:36:28,839 --> 00:36:25,519 the largest electric propulsion capable 799 00:36:30,490 --> 00:36:28,849 chamber in the world right now we're 800 00:36:32,620 --> 00:36:30,500 very fortunate and we get to test these 801 00:36:35,019 --> 00:36:32,630 different types of power and propulsion 802 00:36:37,720 --> 00:36:35,029 systems as we're getting them ready to 803 00:36:39,940 --> 00:36:37,730 fly it'll be it'll be great to be able 804 00:36:43,089 --> 00:36:39,950 to see this this running next week right 805 00:36:45,490 --> 00:36:43,099 Dave that's right at NASA we like to say 806 00:36:46,990 --> 00:36:45,500 that technology drives exploration here 807 00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:47,000 at the Glenn Research Center we're very 808 00:36:50,499 --> 00:36:48,920 excited that electric propulsion is a 809 00:36:52,809 --> 00:36:50,509 part of our sustainable deep-space 810 00:36:54,670 --> 00:36:52,819 exploration missions we look forward to 811 00:36:56,980 --> 00:36:54,680 applying our expertise in solar electric 812 00:37:00,390 --> 00:36:56,990 propulsion to human and robotic missions 813 00:37:06,860 --> 00:37:04,870 nice work Dave and Deb thank you you're 814 00:37:13,610 --> 00:37:06,870 getting applause if you can't hear it 815 00:37:15,020 --> 00:37:13,620 I got a question for you guys just real 816 00:37:16,880 --> 00:37:15,030 quick before you leave what's the next 817 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:16,890 major milestone in this propulsion 818 00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:20,490 development sure so the hardware that I 819 00:37:25,220 --> 00:37:22,650 showed you earlier was designed and 820 00:37:26,660 --> 00:37:25,230 built by the Glenn and JPL team to 821 00:37:30,080 --> 00:37:26,670 demonstrate feasibility of this 822 00:37:33,020 --> 00:37:30,090 technique for the gateway in 2016 we 823 00:37:34,610 --> 00:37:33,030 selected a industry partner who is 824 00:37:37,310 --> 00:37:34,620 finishing the development of the system 825 00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:37,320 and also qualification for gateway in 826 00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:39,330 the May time frame I think Deb might 827 00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:41,010 have referred to that hardware will be 828 00:37:45,020 --> 00:37:43,110 receiving the first engineering 829 00:37:46,730 --> 00:37:45,030 technology units and we will be 830 00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:46,740 conducting development testing including 831 00:37:50,420 --> 00:37:48,480 functional performance environmental 832 00:37:52,340 --> 00:37:50,430 testing all in all the support of the 833 00:37:55,730 --> 00:37:52,350 Gateway awesome 834 00:37:59,330 --> 00:37:55,740 last question when we think about the 835 00:38:01,490 --> 00:37:59,340 next human outpost in space in orbit 836 00:38:04,310 --> 00:38:01,500 around the moon it's starting in 837 00:38:06,230 --> 00:38:04,320 Cleveland how do the folks of Cleveland 838 00:38:09,710 --> 00:38:06,240 feel about being at the forefront of 839 00:38:11,540 --> 00:38:09,720 this opportunity I think I'll speak on 840 00:38:12,860 --> 00:38:11,550 behalf of the entire team here at the 841 00:38:15,130 --> 00:38:12,870 Glenn Research Center 842 00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:15,140 we're so excited to be a part of this 843 00:38:20,150 --> 00:38:17,730 folks have worked in this area literally 844 00:38:24,230 --> 00:38:20,160 for decades back to this chamber was put 845 00:38:26,390 --> 00:38:24,240 here in 1961 so yeah we're we're beyond 846 00:38:28,360 --> 00:38:26,400 excited to bring that expertise to bear 847 00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:28,370 for such an important thing for NASA 848 00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:30,810 Dave and Deb thank you for your great 849 00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:32,610 work make sure everybody there knows how 850 00:38:38,090 --> 00:38:34,530 grateful we are and we look forward to 851 00:38:40,450 --> 00:38:38,100 making this really a winning achievement 852 00:38:49,890 --> 00:38:40,460 and and thank you for your good work 853 00:38:54,730 --> 00:38:52,660 so we've talked today a lot about the 854 00:38:56,650 --> 00:38:54,740 moon and we have all heard the 855 00:38:58,450 --> 00:38:56,660 president's space policy directive one 856 00:39:00,880 --> 00:38:58,460 which I am charged with carrying out 857 00:39:04,110 --> 00:39:00,890 that today's budget announcement enables 858 00:39:07,420 --> 00:39:04,120 us to achieve to go to the moon 859 00:39:10,990 --> 00:39:07,430 sustainably with international partners 860 00:39:14,380 --> 00:39:11,000 and commercial partners to utilize the 861 00:39:16,240 --> 00:39:14,390 resources of the moon in other words the 862 00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:16,250 hundreds of millions of tons of water 863 00:39:21,610 --> 00:39:18,770 ice that we've already discovered water 864 00:39:24,490 --> 00:39:21,620 ice is air to breathe its water to drink 865 00:39:26,320 --> 00:39:24,500 it is in fact propulsion and it's 866 00:39:29,830 --> 00:39:26,330 available in hundreds of millions of 867 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:29,840 tons on the surface of the Moon but it's 868 00:39:34,870 --> 00:39:32,990 about more than just those things the 869 00:39:37,090 --> 00:39:34,880 last part of his first base policy 870 00:39:39,940 --> 00:39:37,100 directive says to take these 871 00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:39,950 capabilities for an eventual mission to 872 00:39:47,760 --> 00:39:43,370 Mars so what we're trying to do is prove 873 00:39:51,270 --> 00:39:47,770 capability prove technology retire risk 874 00:39:54,430 --> 00:39:51,280 make sure that what we develop is not a 875 00:39:56,500 --> 00:39:54,440 dead end and in fact has capabilities of 876 00:39:59,770 --> 00:39:56,510 being utilized on another world that 877 00:40:03,340 --> 00:39:59,780 other world of course being Mars let's 878 00:40:05,020 --> 00:40:03,350 talk for a second about Mars and by the 879 00:40:07,240 --> 00:40:05,030 way when we're talking about Mars let's 880 00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:07,250 start talking about the science Mission 881 00:40:10,870 --> 00:40:09,560 Directorate the planetary science 882 00:40:12,610 --> 00:40:10,880 division of the science Mission 883 00:40:16,740 --> 00:40:12,620 Directorate here's what we know about 884 00:40:19,570 --> 00:40:16,750 Mars because of Spirit and Opportunity 885 00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:19,580 we now know that Mars was at one time 886 00:40:24,610 --> 00:40:22,010 covered with water in fact its northern 887 00:40:27,670 --> 00:40:24,620 hemisphere was two-thirds covered with 888 00:40:31,390 --> 00:40:27,680 water and in fact there were there was 889 00:40:34,350 --> 00:40:31,400 flowing water on Mars because of the 890 00:40:37,030 --> 00:40:34,360 maven orbiter we now understand 891 00:40:38,950 --> 00:40:37,040 ultimately what happened to that 892 00:40:41,530 --> 00:40:38,960 atmosphere on Mars when you talk about 893 00:40:42,820 --> 00:40:41,540 an ocean what you mean is yes there was 894 00:40:44,470 --> 00:40:42,830 an ocean but that means there was a 895 00:40:45,880 --> 00:40:44,480 thick atmosphere as well and at the same 896 00:40:48,580 --> 00:40:45,890 time that means there must have been a 897 00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:48,590 magnetosphere protecting Mars from all 898 00:40:53,860 --> 00:40:50,240 of that radiation coming from the Sun 899 00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:53,870 and from deep space we know that to be 900 00:41:00,580 --> 00:40:55,610 the case now because of Spirit and 901 00:41:02,020 --> 00:41:00,590 Opportunity and maven all of these 902 00:41:04,810 --> 00:41:02,030 things collude to say that 903 00:41:07,570 --> 00:41:04,820 one time in Mars's history it was 904 00:41:12,360 --> 00:41:07,580 habitable I'm not suggesting that it was 905 00:41:16,060 --> 00:41:12,370 inhabited but it was habitable and 906 00:41:19,120 --> 00:41:16,070 here's what we know now because of the 907 00:41:21,430 --> 00:41:19,130 Curiosity rover we now know that there 908 00:41:23,530 --> 00:41:21,440 are complex organic compounds on the 909 00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:23,540 surface of Mars and by the way that 910 00:41:29,110 --> 00:41:26,570 discovery is just in the last year we 911 00:41:31,210 --> 00:41:29,120 now know in the last year that the 912 00:41:34,530 --> 00:41:31,220 methane cycles of Mars are perfectly 913 00:41:37,810 --> 00:41:34,540 commensurate with the seasons of Mars 914 00:41:41,950 --> 00:41:37,820 complex organic compounds friends don't 915 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:41,960 exist on the moon but they exist on Mars 916 00:41:48,010 --> 00:41:44,410 and of course they're all over Earth 917 00:41:50,290 --> 00:41:48,020 they are the building blocks of life the 918 00:41:53,320 --> 00:41:50,300 probability that we might find life on 919 00:41:55,150 --> 00:41:53,330 another world has gone up when the 920 00:41:56,980 --> 00:41:55,160 methane cycles are commensurate with the 921 00:41:59,560 --> 00:41:56,990 seasons again it doesn't guarantee that 922 00:42:01,870 --> 00:41:59,570 there's life but the probability of life 923 00:42:04,030 --> 00:42:01,880 on another world just went up again now 924 00:42:06,160 --> 00:42:04,040 I'm not talking about bunny rabbits I 925 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:06,170 want to be clear I'm talking about 926 00:42:13,300 --> 00:42:09,410 microbial life and I think it's 927 00:42:15,790 --> 00:42:13,310 important and this budget funds our 928 00:42:18,610 --> 00:42:15,800 ability to reach out to another world 929 00:42:28,799 --> 00:42:18,620 and find potentially life on another 930 00:42:36,009 --> 00:42:31,719 so how do we do that this budget fully 931 00:42:38,439 --> 00:42:36,019 funds Mars 2020 this is an amazing 932 00:42:42,249 --> 00:42:38,449 capability for the first time we are 933 00:42:44,739 --> 00:42:42,259 going to cash samples of Mars for an 934 00:42:46,779 --> 00:42:44,749 eventual return we're also going to 935 00:42:49,630 --> 00:42:46,789 figure out how do we use the carbon 936 00:42:51,189 --> 00:42:49,640 dioxide of Mars to create oxygen that 937 00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:51,199 eventually humans will be able to 938 00:42:57,099 --> 00:42:54,170 breathe and even more exciting we are 939 00:43:00,130 --> 00:42:57,109 going to for the first time fly a 940 00:43:09,279 --> 00:43:00,140 helicopter on another world with the 941 00:43:15,499 --> 00:43:12,259 Mars 2020 is fully funded in this budget 942 00:43:18,049 --> 00:43:15,509 request but even more a Mars sample 943 00:43:25,299 --> 00:43:18,059 return is also funded in this budget 944 00:43:32,179 --> 00:43:29,299 the moon is the proving ground Mars is 945 00:43:35,569 --> 00:43:32,189 the Horizon goal and it requires an 946 00:43:36,890 --> 00:43:35,579 all-of-the-above approach I'm going to 947 00:43:38,479 --> 00:43:36,900 anchor on the science Mission 948 00:43:40,969 --> 00:43:38,489 Directorate just a second because I need 949 00:43:44,059 --> 00:43:40,979 to give a lot of credit to a lot of 950 00:43:45,469 --> 00:43:44,069 people when I was home over the holidays 951 00:43:47,779 --> 00:43:45,479 a number of very important things 952 00:43:50,239 --> 00:43:47,789 happened osiris-rex entered orbit around 953 00:43:52,069 --> 00:43:50,249 Ben knew the smallest object that we've 954 00:43:54,499 --> 00:43:52,079 ever been able to orbit in human history 955 00:43:58,039 --> 00:43:54,509 and because of that we're going to have 956 00:44:00,289 --> 00:43:58,049 this little robot ultimately do a sample 957 00:44:05,599 --> 00:44:00,299 return from Ben you an asteroid in deep 958 00:44:08,029 --> 00:44:05,609 space and just a few days later we 959 00:44:10,880 --> 00:44:08,039 thought we flew by Ultima Thule with New 960 00:44:12,620 --> 00:44:10,890 Horizons 4 billion miles from Earth on 961 00:44:15,319 --> 00:44:12,630 the other side of Pluto in the Kuiper 962 00:44:18,499 --> 00:44:15,329 belt and we're getting beautiful image 963 00:44:21,079 --> 00:44:18,509 images of this asteroid in the Kuiper 964 00:44:23,479 --> 00:44:21,089 belt that is a binary contact and of 965 00:44:25,880 --> 00:44:23,489 course before we did this flyby we had 966 00:44:27,890 --> 00:44:25,890 no idea what this object would look like 967 00:44:30,199 --> 00:44:27,900 but now we know and we're getting 968 00:44:32,329 --> 00:44:30,209 valuable scientific information the 969 00:44:36,199 --> 00:44:32,339 science Mission Directorate friends in 970 00:44:39,049 --> 00:44:36,209 this budget is funded very very well and 971 00:44:42,019 --> 00:44:39,059 it is in fact healthy so that takes us 972 00:44:44,870 --> 00:44:42,029 back to this all of NASA approach if 973 00:44:46,339 --> 00:44:44,880 we're gonna fly humans to Mars what 974 00:44:47,929 --> 00:44:46,349 other parts of the science Mission 975 00:44:50,269 --> 00:44:47,939 Directorate do we need to understand do 976 00:44:51,769 --> 00:44:50,279 we need to fund and understand well if 977 00:44:53,199 --> 00:44:51,779 we're gonna take humans to Mars they're 978 00:44:55,609 --> 00:44:53,209 gonna have to travel through deep space 979 00:44:58,249 --> 00:44:55,619 one of the most dangerous elements of 980 00:45:00,109 --> 00:44:58,259 deep space is of course the radiation 981 00:45:02,209 --> 00:45:00,119 that comes from the Sun and radiation 982 00:45:05,779 --> 00:45:02,219 that comes from deep space we need to 983 00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:05,789 better understand how the Sun puts this 984 00:45:10,909 --> 00:45:07,650 radiation into space we need to be able 985 00:45:14,239 --> 00:45:10,919 to in fact predict solar flares and 986 00:45:15,769 --> 00:45:14,249 coronal mass ejections because if we're 987 00:45:17,509 --> 00:45:15,779 not able to predict that and our 988 00:45:19,339 --> 00:45:17,519 astronauts end up in the middle of 989 00:45:20,220 --> 00:45:19,349 something like that it could be very 990 00:45:22,290 --> 00:45:20,230 damaging for 991 00:45:24,900 --> 00:45:22,300 their health so when it comes to 992 00:45:26,970 --> 00:45:24,910 heliophysics Parker Solar Probe is fully 993 00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:26,980 funded and of course we are following 994 00:45:31,320 --> 00:45:29,170 the guidance of the de kado surveys for 995 00:45:33,870 --> 00:45:31,330 heliophysics so that ultimately we can 996 00:45:35,970 --> 00:45:33,880 understand how the Sun interacts with 997 00:45:38,220 --> 00:45:35,980 the earth other planetary bodies and 998 00:45:40,650 --> 00:45:38,230 ultimately be able to predict so we can 999 00:45:43,440 --> 00:45:40,660 provide protection for humans here on 1000 00:45:47,010 --> 00:45:43,450 earth not just on Mars to be clear I 1001 00:45:48,930 --> 00:45:47,020 want to be clear on this if we have a 1002 00:45:52,320 --> 00:45:48,940 coronal mass ejection 1003 00:45:54,630 --> 00:45:52,330 like a Carrington event in the 1800s it 1004 00:45:56,849 --> 00:45:54,640 could be very damaging for humankind 1005 00:45:59,700 --> 00:45:56,859 imagine not having the power grid work 1006 00:46:02,070 --> 00:45:59,710 or your cell towers work that could be 1007 00:46:03,810 --> 00:46:02,080 existential so we need to be very good 1008 00:46:05,310 --> 00:46:03,820 at being able to predict when these kind 1009 00:46:07,230 --> 00:46:05,320 of events are going to occur and within 1010 00:46:08,910 --> 00:46:07,240 the science Mission Directorate we are 1011 00:46:12,270 --> 00:46:08,920 funding those capabilities with the 1012 00:46:15,590 --> 00:46:12,280 Parker Solar Probe and others and that 1013 00:46:18,530 --> 00:46:15,600 takes us out from the Sun to the earth 1014 00:46:21,480 --> 00:46:18,540 the president has now signed into law 1015 00:46:23,490 --> 00:46:21,490 the highest earth science budget in the 1016 00:46:25,650 --> 00:46:23,500 history of the United States of America 1017 00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:25,660 every year he has been the president of 1018 00:46:42,750 --> 00:46:40,050 and this budget request is higher than 1019 00:46:45,720 --> 00:46:42,760 five of the of the budgets that came out 1020 00:46:48,359 --> 00:46:45,730 of the previous administration when I 1021 00:46:49,589 --> 00:46:48,369 came to NASA I committed to Congress and 1022 00:46:51,510 --> 00:46:49,599 I commit to you now 1023 00:46:52,890 --> 00:46:51,520 that the Earth Science Division of the 1024 00:46:56,490 --> 00:46:52,900 science Mission Directorate would be 1025 00:46:57,150 --> 00:46:56,500 strong that we would move forward no 1026 00:46:59,040 --> 00:46:57,160 kidding 1027 00:47:01,829 --> 00:46:59,050 with the de kado surveys that come from 1028 00:47:05,099 --> 00:47:01,839 the National Academy of Sciences in all 1029 00:47:06,780 --> 00:47:05,109 of their agenda items starting with 1030 00:47:09,089 --> 00:47:06,790 understanding the interaction with the 1031 00:47:11,550 --> 00:47:09,099 water cycle and the energy cycle 1032 00:47:15,270 --> 00:47:11,560 ultimately being able to predict weather 1033 00:47:17,819 --> 00:47:15,280 and air quality understanding natural 1034 00:47:20,280 --> 00:47:17,829 disasters and how they occur when we 1035 00:47:22,829 --> 00:47:20,290 think about ecosystem change which 1036 00:47:24,839 --> 00:47:22,839 friends it is changing carbon dioxide is 1037 00:47:25,920 --> 00:47:24,849 in the atmosphere in levels that we've 1038 00:47:27,660 --> 00:47:25,930 never seen before 1039 00:47:31,170 --> 00:47:27,670 we are responsible for that it is a 1040 00:47:34,230 --> 00:47:31,180 greenhouse gas nASA has an obligation to 1041 00:47:36,990 --> 00:47:34,240 continue studying these activities we 1042 00:47:39,240 --> 00:47:37,000 want to reduce climate uncertainty and 1043 00:47:41,760 --> 00:47:39,250 what we do when we study the planet is 1044 00:47:44,099 --> 00:47:41,770 we sense the earth and every part of the 1045 00:47:45,960 --> 00:47:44,109 electromagnetic spectrum and we share 1046 00:47:48,809 --> 00:47:45,970 that information with the world 1047 00:47:51,510 --> 00:47:48,819 and we do it for free NASA is an agency 1048 00:47:53,309 --> 00:47:51,520 we don't do policy we don't make 1049 00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:53,319 recommendations about what to do with 1050 00:47:57,930 --> 00:47:55,690 what we learn but what we do is we study 1051 00:47:59,970 --> 00:47:57,940 the earth and as I committed from the 1052 00:48:02,069 --> 00:47:59,980 beginning we are studying the earth with 1053 00:48:04,829 --> 00:48:02,079 as strong a budget as we have seen 1054 00:48:06,990 --> 00:48:04,839 really in a very long time right now and 1055 00:48:18,040 --> 00:48:07,000 this budget request for earth science is 1056 00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:20,660 let's talk about astrophysics for a 1057 00:48:27,880 --> 00:48:23,310 while talk about some exciting 1058 00:48:31,700 --> 00:48:27,890 discoveries you know what's amazing is 1059 00:48:34,790 --> 00:48:31,710 we're learning more about not just our 1060 00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:34,800 solar system not just about our galaxy 1061 00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:37,770 but in fact about the entire universe 1062 00:48:42,829 --> 00:48:41,010 all the time now we're discovering new 1063 00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:42,839 planets around other stars the de kado 1064 00:48:47,300 --> 00:48:46,410 Survey for astrophysics wants us to see 1065 00:48:50,690 --> 00:48:47,310 no kidding 1066 00:48:54,230 --> 00:48:50,700 the beginning of the universe what we 1067 00:48:57,770 --> 00:48:54,240 call cosmic dawn to see the first light 1068 00:49:00,710 --> 00:48:57,780 in the universe light from stars light 1069 00:49:03,859 --> 00:49:00,720 from galaxies to even assess the 1070 00:49:05,630 --> 00:49:03,869 earliest black holes and friends were 1071 00:49:07,250 --> 00:49:05,640 starting because of these capabilities 1072 00:49:09,010 --> 00:49:07,260 that have been launched in previous 1073 00:49:12,109 --> 00:49:09,020 decades we're starting to understand 1074 00:49:15,859 --> 00:49:12,119 physics astrophysics in a way that 1075 00:49:18,380 --> 00:49:15,869 previously was only theory and for now 1076 00:49:21,370 --> 00:49:18,390 for the first time we're proving out the 1077 00:49:23,180 --> 00:49:21,380 reality of the theory of relativity 1078 00:49:25,910 --> 00:49:23,190 Einstein and all of these other things 1079 00:49:27,770 --> 00:49:25,920 we're seeing it for the first time well 1080 00:49:29,900 --> 00:49:27,780 we now know because of these missions we 1081 00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:29,910 talked about Hubble and Chandra and 1082 00:49:38,450 --> 00:49:35,010 Spitzer and Kepler we now know that the 1083 00:49:40,940 --> 00:49:38,460 universe is not only expanding but it's 1084 00:49:44,210 --> 00:49:40,950 expanding at an ever-increasing rate it 1085 00:49:47,650 --> 00:49:44,220 is in fact accelerating and the question 1086 00:49:51,829 --> 00:49:47,660 is why and we talk about things like 1087 00:49:54,500 --> 00:49:51,839 dark matter which we now know is most of 1088 00:49:56,540 --> 00:49:54,510 the matter in the universe we can't 1089 00:49:58,460 --> 00:49:56,550 interact with it we can't see it but we 1090 00:50:02,750 --> 00:49:58,470 know it's there because we can see its 1091 00:50:05,540 --> 00:50:02,760 gravitational effects and of course when 1092 00:50:07,250 --> 00:50:05,550 we talk about the acceleration usually 1093 00:50:08,089 --> 00:50:07,260 matter has this gravity and it pulls 1094 00:50:10,490 --> 00:50:08,099 things together 1095 00:50:14,960 --> 00:50:10,500 but instead the universe is accelerating 1096 00:50:19,579 --> 00:50:14,970 faster and faster away from this point 1097 00:50:23,300 --> 00:50:19,589 and so we used words like dark energy is 1098 00:50:25,250 --> 00:50:23,310 causing this to happen well in order to 1099 00:50:27,230 --> 00:50:25,260 learn more about this kind of activity 1100 00:50:29,870 --> 00:50:27,240 we need to be able to see very but to 1101 00:50:30,289 --> 00:50:29,880 the very beginning we need to be able to 1102 00:50:32,509 --> 00:50:30,299 see 1103 00:50:35,929 --> 00:50:32,519 that cosmic dawn the first light in the 1104 00:50:37,519 --> 00:50:35,939 universe and I will tell you it has been 1105 00:50:39,529 --> 00:50:37,529 a challenge for me is your NASA 1106 00:50:41,059 --> 00:50:39,539 Administrator to go up to the hill and 1107 00:50:43,880 --> 00:50:41,069 talk about the James Webb Space 1108 00:50:47,359 --> 00:50:43,890 Telescope some of you might have seen 1109 00:50:49,579 --> 00:50:47,369 those hearings and they're not fun but I 1110 00:50:51,949 --> 00:50:49,589 will also tell you this this 1111 00:50:54,169 --> 00:50:51,959 administration is committed to the James 1112 00:50:57,049 --> 00:50:54,179 Webb Space Telescope and we have 1113 00:50:59,959 --> 00:50:57,059 bipartisan support for the James Webb 1114 00:51:02,209 --> 00:50:59,969 Space Telescope and it is our agenda our 1115 00:51:04,939 --> 00:51:02,219 number one agenda for James Webb is 1116 00:51:06,859 --> 00:51:04,949 mission success we can talk about 1117 00:51:09,229 --> 00:51:06,869 budgets and we can talk about schedules 1118 00:51:10,729 --> 00:51:09,239 but at this point this mission is so 1119 00:51:13,429 --> 00:51:10,739 important to the United States of 1120 00:51:16,249 --> 00:51:13,439 America and here's why we're talking 1121 00:51:19,539 --> 00:51:16,259 about establishing America as the lead 1122 00:51:22,160 --> 00:51:19,549 in physics for the next 30 years 1123 00:51:24,769 --> 00:51:22,170 when James Webb Space Telescope is 1124 00:51:26,870 --> 00:51:24,779 launched and we're able to see cosmic 1125 00:51:30,259 --> 00:51:26,880 dawn it establishes the United States as 1126 00:51:33,859 --> 00:51:30,269 the leader of physics for the next 30 1127 00:51:35,689 --> 00:51:33,869 years but it goes beyond that sure we 1128 00:51:38,380 --> 00:51:35,699 want to lead but we also want to 1129 00:51:40,789 --> 00:51:38,390 discover we have models and ideas about 1130 00:51:43,880 --> 00:51:40,799 really what the universe looked like in 1131 00:51:45,589 --> 00:51:43,890 those days but we're gonna know and I 1132 00:51:49,069 --> 00:51:45,599 can tell you this here's what we already 1133 00:51:51,439 --> 00:51:49,079 know the models aren't right so this is 1134 00:51:53,120 --> 00:51:51,449 an exciting time the other thing that's 1135 00:51:55,309 --> 00:51:53,130 important that this comes straight from 1136 00:51:59,390 --> 00:51:55,319 the de kado survey we want to be able to 1137 00:52:00,949 --> 00:51:59,400 look at other stars and not only look at 1138 00:52:03,279 --> 00:52:00,959 those stars but look at other planets 1139 00:52:06,370 --> 00:52:03,289 around those stars and characterize 1140 00:52:10,459 --> 00:52:06,380 those planets as to their habitability 1141 00:52:13,279 --> 00:52:10,469 could those planets be able to host life 1142 00:52:15,469 --> 00:52:13,289 and James Webb is going to give us an 1143 00:52:17,689 --> 00:52:15,479 opportunity to look at the light as it 1144 00:52:19,880 --> 00:52:17,699 you know transfer you transfers through 1145 00:52:21,410 --> 00:52:19,890 that atmosphere certain parts of the 1146 00:52:23,359 --> 00:52:21,420 Elector for certain parts of the 1147 00:52:24,410 --> 00:52:23,369 spectrum are not going to make it 1148 00:52:26,660 --> 00:52:24,420 through and we're going to be able to 1149 00:52:28,839 --> 00:52:26,670 determine the atmospheres of planets 1150 00:52:32,150 --> 00:52:28,849 around other stars and make assessments 1151 00:52:36,349 --> 00:52:32,160 as to characterize if you will the 1152 00:52:38,809 --> 00:52:36,359 atmospheres of those planets James Webb 1153 00:52:39,510 --> 00:52:38,819 is going to be an amazing capability for 1154 00:52:43,110 --> 00:52:39,520 the United State 1155 00:52:45,900 --> 00:52:43,120 of America as we're on astrophysics I 1156 00:52:50,820 --> 00:52:45,910 also want to make one last statement 1157 00:52:52,770 --> 00:52:50,830 that I think is important we talked 1158 00:52:54,300 --> 00:52:52,780 about the Gateway and how it's going to 1159 00:52:56,070 --> 00:52:54,310 give us access to the surface of the 1160 00:52:58,530 --> 00:52:56,080 Moon we want humans on the moon we want 1161 00:52:59,850 --> 00:52:58,540 robots and Landers and Rovers we want to 1162 00:53:02,490 --> 00:52:59,860 get to more parts of the moon than ever 1163 00:53:05,070 --> 00:53:02,500 before the Gateway is not just about 1164 00:53:06,840 --> 00:53:05,080 getting to the moon it's not just about 1165 00:53:09,300 --> 00:53:06,850 studying the moon from an orbit around 1166 00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:09,310 the moon the Gateway gives us an 1167 00:53:16,200 --> 00:53:12,640 opportunity to study deep space from a 1168 00:53:17,850 --> 00:53:16,210 human tended Space Station which gives 1169 00:53:20,100 --> 00:53:17,860 us a capability that heretofore we've 1170 00:53:22,080 --> 00:53:20,110 never seen here's what we know on the 1171 00:53:24,690 --> 00:53:22,090 far side of the Moon it is very quiet 1172 00:53:27,240 --> 00:53:24,700 why is it so quiet because all of the 1173 00:53:30,540 --> 00:53:27,250 electromagnet electromagnetic radiation 1174 00:53:33,660 --> 00:53:30,550 that we create it's quiet on the far 1175 00:53:36,240 --> 00:53:33,670 side of the moon so we can image deep 1176 00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:36,250 space in parts of the electromagnetic 1177 00:53:41,310 --> 00:53:38,890 spensive or electromagnetic spectrum 1178 00:53:43,950 --> 00:53:41,320 that we can't currently image deep space 1179 00:53:45,990 --> 00:53:43,960 with and by the way it's not just 1180 00:53:49,530 --> 00:53:46,000 gateway but it's also surface activities 1181 00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:49,540 we can do astrophysics from the surface 1182 00:53:55,020 --> 00:53:52,650 of the Moon with very thin wire antennas 1183 00:53:58,500 --> 00:53:55,030 now that's maybe not in this budget 1184 00:54:00,540 --> 00:53:58,510 request but the gateway opens to the 1185 00:54:05,220 --> 00:54:00,550 door to all of these capabilities in the 1186 00:54:09,360 --> 00:54:05,230 future so in closing I want everybody to 1187 00:54:12,350 --> 00:54:09,370 know that NASA's budget request is very 1188 00:54:14,820 --> 00:54:12,360 good and we have bipartisan support 1189 00:54:17,460 --> 00:54:14,830 which I have been committed to from the 1190 00:54:19,740 --> 00:54:17,470 beginning for NASA not just in the house 1191 00:54:21,510 --> 00:54:19,750 but also in the Senate and we're going 1192 00:54:23,310 --> 00:54:21,520 to be able to accomplish more than we've 1193 00:54:25,560 --> 00:54:23,320 ever been able to accomplish before 1194 00:54:27,870 --> 00:54:25,570 because of the administration support 1195 00:54:34,620 --> 00:54:27,880 and bipartisan support so what does that 1196 00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:34,630 mean for us friends we need to make sure 1197 00:54:40,110 --> 00:54:38,170 that when we consider our agency I just 1198 00:54:41,490 --> 00:54:40,120 talked about heliophysics and how 1199 00:54:43,980 --> 00:54:41,500 important it is if we're gonna send 1200 00:54:45,840 --> 00:54:43,990 astronauts to Mars how important is 1201 00:54:48,240 --> 00:54:45,850 heliophysics for the lives of those 1202 00:54:49,400 --> 00:54:48,250 astronauts but just not those astronauts 1203 00:54:51,650 --> 00:54:49,410 but also the 1204 00:54:54,530 --> 00:54:51,660 and the rovers and the robots that means 1205 00:54:57,560 --> 00:54:54,540 heliophysics is a critical piece of our 1206 00:55:00,110 --> 00:54:57,570 moon to Mars capability and it goes 1207 00:55:02,960 --> 00:55:00,120 beyond that I was in the hotel this 1208 00:55:05,090 --> 00:55:02,970 morning and I was talking to a lady who 1209 00:55:07,520 --> 00:55:05,100 had the opportunity to visit the Kennedy 1210 00:55:09,560 --> 00:55:07,530 Space Center and she said one of the 1211 00:55:11,900 --> 00:55:09,570 things that was most striking to her and 1212 00:55:14,540 --> 00:55:11,910 Bob Cabana this is a compliment to you 1213 00:55:17,380 --> 00:55:14,550 and your whole team she ran into 1214 00:55:20,360 --> 00:55:17,390 somebody at the Kennedy Space Center and 1215 00:55:22,490 --> 00:55:20,370 asked him what he did and he said well 1216 00:55:25,550 --> 00:55:22,500 I'm helping us go to the moon and on to 1217 00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:25,560 Mars that was his answer and she said 1218 00:55:31,430 --> 00:55:28,170 okay well what do you do and he said I'm 1219 00:55:34,820 --> 00:55:31,440 a custodian friends these objectives are 1220 00:55:37,430 --> 00:55:34,830 an all of NASA approach every Center 1221 00:55:39,980 --> 00:55:37,440 that we operate all ten of them are 1222 00:55:42,230 --> 00:55:39,990 critical to this mission and every 1223 00:55:44,810 --> 00:55:42,240 Mission Directorate is critical to 1224 00:55:47,120 --> 00:55:44,820 achieving these goals including the 1225 00:55:49,730 --> 00:55:47,130 Mission Support Directorate we talked 1226 00:55:52,310 --> 00:55:49,740 about the infrastructure and in some 1227 00:55:55,400 --> 00:55:52,320 cases infrastructure often becomes a 1228 00:55:57,260 --> 00:55:55,410 target but friends we can't accomplish 1229 00:55:59,150 --> 00:55:57,270 any of these objectives without the 1230 00:56:01,550 --> 00:55:59,160 infrastructure as well so the Mission 1231 00:56:05,120 --> 00:56:01,560 Support Director Directorate is also a 1232 00:56:07,550 --> 00:56:05,130 critical capability for our shared 1233 00:56:10,460 --> 00:56:07,560 achievement in heading to the moon and 1234 00:56:12,290 --> 00:56:10,470 on to Mars so I just want to share with 1235 00:56:13,850 --> 00:56:12,300 you one last thing for all the people 1236 00:56:16,150 --> 00:56:13,860 that are watching I see a lot of TV 1237 00:56:19,370 --> 00:56:16,160 cameras and maybe some social media I 1238 00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:19,380 want to encourage everybody to visit 1239 00:56:31,580 --> 00:56:26,010 nasa.gov slash moon to Mars nasa.gov 1240 00:56:34,100 --> 00:56:31,590 slash moon to Mars I want you to go to 1241 00:56:36,980 --> 00:56:34,110 the website and I want you to learn for 1242 00:56:39,530 --> 00:56:36,990 the NASA employees here I want you to 1243 00:56:41,360 --> 00:56:39,540 figure out how you can communicate all 1244 00:56:43,970 --> 00:56:41,370 of these great things that we are trying 1245 00:56:46,880 --> 00:56:43,980 to achieve to the public engage on 1246 00:56:49,130 --> 00:56:46,890 social media I want you to engage on 1247 00:56:52,010 --> 00:56:49,140 social media if you have Twitter or 1248 00:56:55,070 --> 00:56:52,020 Facebook or just talk to your friends 1249 00:56:57,910 --> 00:56:55,080 make sure you are letting them know what 1250 00:57:00,050 --> 00:56:57,920 we are doing and why because this is 1251 00:57:02,060 --> 00:57:00,060 transformational and it's only going to 1252 00:57:05,810 --> 00:57:02,070 happen if all of America 1253 00:57:09,680 --> 00:57:05,820 in the other day I went to the world Ag 1254 00:57:12,050 --> 00:57:09,690 Expo and everybody was like why is the 1255 00:57:15,200 --> 00:57:12,060 NASA Administrator going to the world Ag 1256 00:57:17,120 --> 00:57:15,210 Expo I'll tell you why because we need 1257 00:57:19,520 --> 00:57:17,130 all of America to understand how we have 1258 00:57:21,290 --> 00:57:19,530 changed the human condition when it 1259 00:57:23,510 --> 00:57:21,300 comes to agriculture we're sensing every 1260 00:57:26,000 --> 00:57:23,520 part though the earth and every part of 1261 00:57:29,620 --> 00:57:26,010 the electromagnetic spectrum and sharing 1262 00:57:32,510 --> 00:57:29,630 that with the world well who needs that 1263 00:57:33,860 --> 00:57:32,520 farmers sometimes need that we have an 1264 00:57:35,870 --> 00:57:33,870 agreement with the Cooperative Extension 1265 00:57:37,820 --> 00:57:35,880 of the University of California where 1266 00:57:40,130 --> 00:57:37,830 we're taking that great information and 1267 00:57:42,580 --> 00:57:40,140 sharing it with them to the point where 1268 00:57:46,040 --> 00:57:42,590 they are able to increase crop yields 1269 00:57:48,230 --> 00:57:46,050 while reducing their water usage by 25% 1270 00:57:50,950 --> 00:57:48,240 and by the way in the desert of 1271 00:57:53,270 --> 00:57:50,960 California that is a big deal 1272 00:57:55,970 --> 00:57:53,280 and at the same time because they're not 1273 00:57:57,770 --> 00:57:55,980 watering so much preserving 50% of the 1274 00:57:59,900 --> 00:57:57,780 nitrates that normally would have eroded 1275 00:58:02,240 --> 00:57:59,910 into the water supply those nitrates 1276 00:58:03,410 --> 00:58:02,250 help the plants grow and guess what when 1277 00:58:05,000 --> 00:58:03,420 they're in the water supply they're very 1278 00:58:06,620 --> 00:58:05,010 bad for humans and it costs a lot of 1279 00:58:09,800 --> 00:58:06,630 money to get them out of the water 1280 00:58:11,330 --> 00:58:09,810 supply so we're saving money increasing 1281 00:58:12,890 --> 00:58:11,340 crop yields the plants are doing much 1282 00:58:14,900 --> 00:58:12,900 better because the nitrates are actually 1283 00:58:16,790 --> 00:58:14,910 in the soil where they ought to be and 1284 00:58:18,620 --> 00:58:16,800 they're able to achieve these because 1285 00:58:21,170 --> 00:58:18,630 the Earth Science Division of the 1286 00:58:22,610 --> 00:58:21,180 science Mission Directorate is providing 1287 00:58:25,010 --> 00:58:22,620 this data to the Cooperative Extension 1288 00:58:28,310 --> 00:58:25,020 of the University of California in a 1289 00:58:30,800 --> 00:58:28,320 small scale what does this mean for the 1290 00:58:34,070 --> 00:58:30,810 future when I was at the world Ag Expo I 1291 00:58:37,700 --> 00:58:34,080 talked about doing it for Uganda Uganda 1292 00:58:40,250 --> 00:58:37,710 was able to use NASA technology to to be 1293 00:58:42,590 --> 00:58:40,260 made aware of a drought that was on the 1294 00:58:45,500 --> 00:58:42,600 horizon we can we can detect plant 1295 00:58:47,870 --> 00:58:45,510 stress long before humans can detect 1296 00:58:50,690 --> 00:58:47,880 plant stress we can do it from space and 1297 00:58:52,700 --> 00:58:50,700 because of that instead of spending tens 1298 00:58:54,830 --> 00:58:52,710 of millions of dollars doing disaster 1299 00:58:56,870 --> 00:58:54,840 relief we spent a couple of million 1300 00:59:00,770 --> 00:58:56,880 mitigating the disaster before it 1301 00:59:02,620 --> 00:59:00,780 happened saving lives saving money but 1302 00:59:05,480 --> 00:59:02,630 friends it's not just about crops 1303 00:59:07,700 --> 00:59:05,490 although crops are a critical piece the 1304 00:59:10,340 --> 00:59:07,710 way we communicate DirecTV Dish Network 1305 00:59:12,740 --> 00:59:10,350 Internet broadband from space XM radio 1306 00:59:14,290 --> 00:59:12,750 sending high-resolution motion pictures 1307 00:59:17,320 --> 00:59:14,300 all over the world for nationals 1308 00:59:19,170 --> 00:59:17,330 and defense communications born from 1309 00:59:22,390 --> 00:59:19,180 this little agency we call NASA 1310 00:59:24,520 --> 00:59:22,400 space-based communications we talk about 1311 00:59:26,320 --> 00:59:24,530 how we navigate with GPS how we produce 1312 00:59:28,900 --> 00:59:26,330 food which we just talked about how we 1313 00:59:30,970 --> 00:59:28,910 produce energy geo carb another Earth 1314 00:59:33,040 --> 00:59:30,980 Science Division mission that is helping 1315 00:59:36,130 --> 00:59:33,050 us make sure that as we produce energy 1316 00:59:38,230 --> 00:59:36,140 were not polluting the atmosphere and 1317 00:59:39,520 --> 00:59:38,240 that by the way the energy companies 1318 00:59:43,870 --> 00:59:39,530 love that because then they don't get 1319 00:59:46,890 --> 00:59:43,880 fined which is a good thing the way the 1320 00:59:49,120 --> 00:59:46,900 way we do weather prediction and 1321 00:59:52,510 --> 00:59:49,130 understand the climate the way we do 1322 00:59:56,920 --> 00:59:52,520 disaster relief in national security the 1323 00:59:58,510 --> 00:59:56,930 way we do banking 84 all of the banking 1324 01:00:00,490 --> 00:59:58,520 transactions in the United States of 1325 01:00:02,860 --> 01:00:00,500 America are dependent on a timing signal 1326 01:00:04,990 --> 01:00:02,870 from GPS a lot of people don't realize 1327 01:00:06,220 --> 01:00:05,000 that the way we regulate the the flows 1328 01:00:08,850 --> 01:00:06,230 of electricity on the power grid 1329 01:00:11,200 --> 01:00:08,860 dependent on a timing signal from GPS 1330 01:00:14,140 --> 01:00:11,210 terrestrial wireless networks dependent 1331 01:00:16,660 --> 01:00:14,150 on a timing signal from GPS when we 1332 01:00:20,800 --> 01:00:16,670 think about how we have elevated the 1333 01:00:23,410 --> 01:00:20,810 human condition this little agency that 1334 01:00:26,800 --> 01:00:23,420 constitutes one one-half less than 1/2 1335 01:00:29,080 --> 01:00:26,810 of 1% of the federal budget this little 1336 01:00:30,960 --> 01:00:29,090 agency has elevated the human condition 1337 01:00:34,450 --> 01:00:30,970 in ways that most people don't even know 1338 01:00:36,370 --> 01:00:34,460 it's on us to let them know it's on us 1339 01:00:39,280 --> 01:00:36,380 as the NASA employees the NASA workforce 1340 01:00:41,470 --> 01:00:39,290 that includes our contractors as well 1341 01:00:43,300 --> 01:00:41,480 let them know what we are doing to 1342 01:00:45,430 --> 01:00:43,310 elevate the human condition not just for 1343 01:00:49,420 --> 01:00:45,440 the United States but for the entire 1344 01:00:51,580 --> 01:00:49,430 world this is an amazing agency and I 1345 01:00:53,890 --> 01:00:51,590 got to tell you I am overwhelmingly 1346 01:00:55,650 --> 01:00:53,900 humbled every day when I get up and I 1347 01:00:58,990 --> 01:00:55,660 have the opportunity to interact with 1348 01:01:03,610 --> 01:00:59,000 the just amazingly talented people that 1349 01:01:06,100 --> 01:01:03,620 work here so I want to say no this NASA 1350 01:01:07,720 --> 01:01:06,110 is going to get a healthy budget the 1351 01:01:09,550 --> 01:01:07,730 administration is supporting it 1352 01:01:11,590 --> 01:01:09,560 we've got bipartisan support in the 1353 01:01:13,240 --> 01:01:11,600 House and the Senate what we've got to 1354 01:01:16,450 --> 01:01:13,250 do is make sure we communicate it to the 1355 01:01:17,860 --> 01:01:16,460 world and ultimately keep it strong for 1356 01:01:19,590 --> 01:01:17,870 the future and the only way we do that 1357 01:01:24,400 --> 01:01:19,600 is communicated to the world again 1358 01:01:26,110 --> 01:01:24,410 nasa.gov slash moon to Mars thank you so 1359 01:01:27,510 --> 01:01:26,120 much it's great being here at the 1360 01:01:36,500 --> 01:01:27,520 kennedy space